Workplace Discrimination At The Eden Prairie, Minnesota...

Workplace discrimination takes place when an employee is hostilely discriminated against for one or more reasons, including gender, religion, age, sexual orientation, ethnicity or race. Per the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, racial discrimination comprises of treating a job candidate or employee negatively because they are of a certain ethnicity or because of particular features linked with their race, such as hair texture, facial features or skin color. While the law forbids workplace harassment and discrimination in all facets of employment, from hiring and training to raises and layoffs, the EEOC still reports thousands of claims a year. One such claim was filed by the EEOC in the U.S. District Court of Minnesota against Alliant Techsystems (ATK), on behalf of Tyeastia Green. EEOC v. Alliant Systems In 2012 Tyeastia Green applied for a job at the Eden Prairie, Minnesota site of Alliant Techsystems. An IT professional, Tyeastia hoped to provide technical support for executives of the aerospace and defense manufacturing corporation. Tyeastia was initially told from an ATK recruiter that she had been chosen for the position, only to find out that she had been rejected after her offer was withdrawn and given to a Caucasian man. Fearing that she had become the victim of racial discrimination, Tyeastia Green contacted the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, who are in control of imposing federal laws barring employment discrimination. The EEOC agreed with Ms.

SAT by Danielle Ofri - 1541 Words

In a life of poverty, illnesses surround its inhabitant. From poor nutrition to unfit living conditions come afflictions that range from a cough to polio. And as a society we preoccupy ourselves with the short comings of poverty. Creating a revolving door at hospitals treating the poor for their present illnesses, but paying no mind in preventing them for the future. In SAT, Ofri describes her experience as a doctor treating an impoverished unambitious young man, Nemesio Rios. Instead of just following up on Rios routine check up, Ofri decides to prepare Rios for the SAT so that he could have a chance to go to college. For educational preparation is the preventative medicine for ones future well being because improving ones economical†¦show more content†¦It was the corpse of a child who had been shot in the chest. At first thought she wanted to wake him up tell him to get up off the cutting table and leave. But, then as Ofri gazed at the bullet hole in the childs chest, Ofr i was left wishing that time could be have been reversed, so that child could have moved six inches to the right, so he could escape the bullet the stole his life. That sight and feeling of the young boy on the cutting table are what compelled Ofri to help Rios. Ofri viewed Rios the same way she viewed the boy on the table. However, in this new case Ofri could give Rios the six inches he needed. As Ofri viewed it, taking the SAT s was the best thing she could recommend for Rios long term health. Which, Rios gladly accepted after Ofri quelled Rios negative thoughts, by telling him that there was no history portion in the SAT s. Under the condition that Rios bring an SAT prep book for the next three appointments Ofri helped Rios prepare for the SAT s. After those three meetings it was all left up to Rios. Ofri lost touch with Rios. Despite Ofris desire to know the out come of Rios efforts in the Sat, she never got to know. Although Ofri did find satisfaction in helping Rios, if only a little, as well as expanding her own knowledge. In the less then perfect ending Ofri learned the new meaning of preemptive medicine. She learned more of an inadequate system that is not able to help everyone with what

International Law Equidistance Approach

Questions: 1. Defining the Issues (An analysis of what is to be discussed in the negotiation.2. Assembling the Issues and Defining the Bargaining Mixa. Determine which issues are most important and which are less important.b. Determine whether the issues are linked together or separate.c. Defining Interests.d. Knowing Limits and Alternatives. (Our Resistance Point and Our Alternatives.)e. Setting Targets and Openings. Answers: Issue: The issue for Slovenia with respect to the border dispute is about the control over the Piran Bay, the application of special circumstances rule, instead of the equidistance approach is also one of the points to be negotiated. Other territorial border disputes with Croatia are also an issue. The issues for this negotiation specifically include the power to use significant maritime areas and Slovenias link to High Sea (Dixon, 2013). Assembling the issues and defining the bargaining mix. The main issue of the negotiation is if a maritime border is created using the Equidistance approach, than the territories of Slovenia will be caught in the middle of the territories of Croatia and Italy, in addition Croatia will get a direct border with Italy. The negotiation in this case is over the territorial and maritime border of Slovenia and Croatia, the dispute over which has emerged since the countries claimed independence. The bargaining, over who is entitled to what with respect to both territorial and maritime borders is the main cause of the negotiation along which how the results are to be achieved (Kaczorowska, 2015). Among the few issues, which have been identified as the part of the negotiation, few issues are very significant and others are less important. The land borders of Croatia and Slovenia are not largely disputed expect for a very few exceptions, this is because the land borders have been well defined in the old registry books. As the books were old, natural conditions have changed for example the courses of rivers, which acted as borders between the territories of the two countries, giving rise to land territory dispute. The most significant issue, which would be up for negotiation, is with respect to the maritime borders in the piran bay. The borders with respect to sea were never determined between the republics in Yugoslavia. The only border, which existed with respect to the Trieste bay, was the border between Italy and former Yugoslavia according to the terms of the Osimo agreement. The dispute over the borders in the piran bay is causing regular disputes and tensions between Slovenia and Croatia. The two countries came closest to an agreement in the year 2001 but it was rejected by Slovenia and this dispute is the most significant issue for the purpose of the negotiation. Both Croatia and Slovenia declared independence in the year 1991, because of the dissolution of Yugoslavia. After both the countries got an independent status, the land boundaries between the regions came to be known as international borders with respect to the principle of international borders until possidetis iuris. However, the countries were not able to establish clearly identified distinction between their maritime boundaries and there have been a dispute over it ever since (Benvenisti, 2012). All the issues, which are to be negotiated for the agreement, are connected to each other. The main issue of the negotiation is the disputes, which the countries have been involved in with respect to the international boundaries. Although the dispute about the land boundary is not so significant as compared to the dispute related to the maritime boundaries of the piran bay, both the issues are related to each other as they arise out of the same source. The border arbitration is of a crucial significance to Slovenia. The most vital interest of Slovenia with respect to this negotiation is the junction to the high sea. Slovenia is well prepared for the argument and has nothing to hide. The dispute between the two countries has caused much tension during the past few years, and Slovenia is keep to solve it finally. There is a dispute between the two countries over 470 km of shared sea territory, which is particular deterring the rights of Slovenia. In addition if the piran bay is divided according to the equitable principles Slovenias territories will be caught in the middle of the territories of Italy and Croatia (Tanaka Yoshifumi, 2015). Slovenia has claimed full control over the piran bay but a negotiation cannot be made if the parties do not have alternatives. However, Slovenia has to set limits below which they will not go with respect to their claim for the negotiation. Slovenia will not accept the divisions of the piran bay and be locked out between the territories of Italy and Croatia (Rothwell Stephens, 2016). However, Slovenia might consider the offer of a link to high sea as it is of vital significance to them. Slovenia should be prepared with adequate arguments and alternatives before the start of the negotiation. Their target should be fixed of gaining control over the Piron bay and this should be their first offer in the negotiation. The agreement will be managed according to the principles of international law. Slovenia with respect to the negotiation has demanded that the equitable principles of international law hold not be considered in this case whereas they have stressed on the rule of special circumstances to be considered by the five members arbitration team. According to the United Nations convention on the law of the sea Article 15 no state are allowed to extend their maritime boundaries beyond the median without an agreement when the boundaries of the states are adjacent to each other (Brownlie Crawford, 2012). These provisions are not applicable by virtue of historic title and special circumstances. While Slovenia stressed on the second part of the provisions, Croatia has made a claim according to the first part. Croatia opted out of the arbitration agreement stating that Slovenia breached the rule of arbitration in 2015, the arbitrations should be legally binding on both the countries and it should be challenged in the international court of justice if not agreed upon (Sands Peel, 2012). The common practice in international law is that the parties to a dispute do not opt of agreements and treaties they have signed without significant reason. It is decided that a party is cheating if the party does not comply with the provisions they previously agreed to by citing lame reasons as excuse for such disagreement (Klabbers, 2015). The basic common principles in the international law, is that peace between the nations should not be disturbed and measures are to be taken to ensure that peace is maintained globally. The common principles of international law provided that culture which are continuing since a long time should not be changed unless it is compulsory (Werle Jessberger, 2014). The issue with respect to Croatia in this negotiation is also to determine the course of the sea borders in relation to the piran bay. Croatia has claimed according to the equitable principles of article 15 of the United Nations convention on law of the sea. The connected issue with respect to the Draganja river area is also a part of the negotiation on the Croatian side. The issue on the Croatian side of the negotiation is also to address the trans-border Corporation and commerce between the two countries (Bassiouni, 2014). Croatia demands a boundary to be drawn in the middle of the piran bay according to the principles of the Article 15 of the UNCLOS which tales about the principles of equidistance. Croatia does not want to give control over the piran bay to Slovenia as demanded by them, as it will be against their interest (Ryngaert, 2015). Croatia cannot ream fixed on their targets if they want to successfully go through with the negotiation. However, Croatia would not go below their limitations for the purpose of this negotiation. Croatia will not agree in any case to the proposed full control of Slovenia over the piran bay. The alternatives, which Croatia can consider with respect to this negotiation, would be to allow Slovenia a link to the high sea at the most. The main target of Croatia with respect to this negotiation would be to ensure that the equidistance principle provided in the article 15 of UNCLOS would be complied by the arbitrators. Another main objective of Croatia with respect to this case would be to ensure that trans-border business activities are commenced between the two countries for the benefits of the public (Rothwell Stephens, 2016). Croatia does not have a very good reputation when it comes to arbitration agreements. Croatia left the arbitration scheduled to solve the present issue related to the border disputes in the middle in 2015 stating that Slovenia has breached the terms of the arbitration without providing strong evidence. It is not sure whether they would abide by the decision of the arbitrator if it were ruled against their interest. The government of Croatia has the authority to make this agreement only if it gets 2/3 support is proved to the agreement in the parliament. The opposition is Croatia is supportive of such agreement unlike Slovenia. Croatia is likely to stress on legal principles for the purpose of the negotiation, as they are inclined towards its interest. It is also to be noted that Croatia might not accept the ruling of the arbitrator if it is not in their favor and again opt out of the arbitration stating lame evidence. References: Bassiouni, M. C. (2014).International extradition: United States law and practice. Oxford University Press. Benvenisti, E. (2012).The international law of occupation. Oxford University Press. Brownlie, I., Crawford, J. (2012).Brownlie's principles of public international law. Oxford University Press. Dixon, M. (2013).Textbook on international law. Oxford University Press. Kaczorowska-Ireland, A. (2015).Public international law. Routledge. Klabbers, J. (2015).An introduction to international organizations law. Cambridge University Press. Rothwell, D. R., Stephens, T. (2016).The international law of the sea. Bloomsbury Publishing. Rothwell, D. R., Stephens, T. (2016).The international law of the sea. Bloomsbury Publishing. Ryngaert, C. (2015).Jurisdiction in international law. OUP Oxford. Sands, P., Peel, J. (2012).Principles of international environmental law. Cambridge University Press. Tanaka, Yoshifumi.The international law of the sea. Cambridge University Press, 2015. Von Glahn, G., Taulbee, J. L. (2015).Law among nations: an introduction to public international law. Routledge. Werle, G., Jessberger, F. (2014).Principles of international criminal law. OUP Oxford.

Recognizing employee contributions

Due to challenges on both external and internal working environment, organizations are now left with no option but to adopt effective incentive programs for their employees in order to maintain or improve organization’s performance. This is mainly on the basis of employees’ efficiency and effectiveness at work.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Recognizing employee contributions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Relating payment to performance has been the dream of every employer though it is a very difficult endeavor. It is true that fair pay is a cornerstone of the agreement between every employer and employee during the time of employment. But one common assumption made is that additional payment can directly influence performance of a specific employee. Take an example of employees in admissions office in a university. Developing ways of motivating and recognizing employees’ contributions t o enroll students is not that easy. One way would be to involve employees in decision making process regarding their pay. Because they are aware of attitudes required of them to perform better, this would be an effective tool to empower them. Various methods can be used in determining incentive pay. In this case, there will be two ways of determining incentive pay in order to attain admissions objectives. Firstly, incentive will be paid based on employees’ performance in term of average time spent with every new student admitted. Time is critical during admission and therefore employees should take the least time possible with each new student admitted. This will ensure that students do not spend so much time in queues waiting to be served which usually leads to exhaustion and subsequent dissatisfaction. This means that the bigger the number of new students admitted, the higher the incentive and vice versa. Secondly, incentive pay will be determined by each employee’s capacity to communicate university’s values to students during their first day. This is tricky but very important method of determining incentive pay. Paying employees for performance using this method is difficult because it is hard to measure specific performance outcomes. The first method will be tailored towards individuals where each employee will be given incentive based on the number of new students admitted. However, in the second method, employees will be assigned to groups where they will be required to come up with the ways of communicating the core values of the institution during the time of admission. Creating an effective incentive pay program will involve a number of key steps. To start with, it is important to state again that an incentive pay is a reward to encourage employees to behave in a certain way. Then, questions should be asked about who must be a part of the program, what the objectives are, what the types of incentives are needed, whether any form of training is required to participants to understand the program better , and how and when the program should be implemented?Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The participants are employees in the admissions and the objective is to meet admission goals. Incentive will be given in a form of money and reward at the end of academic period and all employees will be trained on this in order to understand the program. It is important to remember that this program is needed so as to recognize employees’ contribution in admission of new students. They will be motivated by considering how good they perform in terms of quantity and quality of work done. Reduced time during admission, new students’ satisfaction, and employees’ motivation are some of the expected benefits of the program. It is rational to state that the success of this program will be determined by extensive involvement of the employees to develop it to a greater extent. Employees’ perspective will be considered with regard to what their interest is and what is likely to motivate them (pay, rewards, time-off). The program should be simple to understand and employees should be able to simply figure out what they have earned without much difficulty. Finally, the program will be communicated to the entire organization through a well-developed communication plan. The concept of a balanced scorecard is simple and can be executed in many different ways. It was designed and formalized in early 90’s with core objective of using balance parameters to measure the status of a business (Kaplan, 2008). It goes beyond looking at financial metrics to include other parameters in a balanced equation to evaluate how a business or an organization is doing. The original scorecard addressed four main areas: Financial: how financially successful is the business? Customer perspective : how can you win customer loyalty and retain it? Internal business environment: what is your success in executing core objectives of the company? Innovation perspective: what elements contribute to learning, innovation and improvement? Below is a balanced scorecard tailored to emphasize on shareholder value, employee value and customer value for the university. Three different measures are used as a perspective for each of the three values. Area Shareholder’s value Customer’s value Employee’s value Measure Increasing shareholder’s value Customer’s (student’s) satisfaction Employee’s satisfaction Variables Maximizing shareholder’s value Increasing loyalty, repeat Employee’s retention, Employee’s motivation Regarding the shareholder’s value the key objective of the university would be ensuring that shareholder value is maximized over a long period of time. Share value is determined through forecas ting free cash flow of the institution. Creating incentive package for the employee in the admission office of the university is not an easy task. It tags along with major difficulties. Before looking at the difficulties, it is important to illustrate reasons for giving incentive pay in order to face the challenges facing us head-on. Incentives are given to align pay to performance, to allow good performance to earn more and motivate poor performers.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Recognizing employee contributions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Incentive program can be a tool of communicating clearly various measures of success and to ensure that everyone in the institution understands them. There are two main challenges in designing the incentive pay in our scenario. To start with, it is very hard to measure employees’ output using the parameters stated. For instance, it will be challenging to quant ify how it is better to ensure that each employee is handling students and communicating the core values of the university during admission. Although a questionnaire will be provided to every student, rating using this method may not give accurate measure of employee performance. Secondly, employee may just do exactly what they are measured on. It is critical to remember that each employee has a baseline pay and incentives are paid when an employee performs above expectations. When parameters are well understood by everyone, they are likely to just meet what is required to earn incentive pay. This will hinder them from going a mile ahead to perform exceptionally. Incentive pay plan is made up of many different elements though cash reward is the one predominantly used by virtually every organization, especially in sales and marketing (Vinogradov Shadrina, 2013). There are other types of incentive that can inspire employees to go beyond expected call of duty. Let us focus on three ke y incentives that can be used to motivate employees in the admission office: Bonus pay: employees will earn bonus after analyzing how many students each one has admitted. Incentive will be based on a capacity to exceed a certain average. Vacation incentive: unscheduled time off duty for employees to relieve them off stress can be very motivating. Prizes: these can be offered to employees whose rates are highest in all parameters. Ethical issues Giving incentives can raise a red flag when they take place to motivate employees at work place. Mostly, incentives are reached at when a certain change is needed or to steer choices towards a required direction. Extensive use of incentive pay, as it is today, has raised very little or no ethical concerns hither to. This happens despite the fact that incentives can be manipulate employees to take a certain course of action and leave another. In this case, an employer can use incentives to influence or entice an employee to take one option a nd not a different ‘undesired’ choice. At the end of the day, both parties are going to gain and this is where the se of incentives raises ethical concerns. The course of action is not voluntary where both parties choose what to do. What if the employer uses incentives to force employees to engage in illegal activities without directly asking them to take that course of action? Incentives can also result in inappropriate use of institution funds because more money than it is allowed may be used to encourage effectiveness. On the other hand, guidelines regarding giving these incentives may be too general or too specific to be understood clearly by auditors. Summary In summary, it is fair to state that some of the influences and various approaches to compensation include the use of a balanced scorecard to examine the status of our institution. Among the issues related to developing and implementing employees’ benefit to revolve around challenges, there are such as linking performance to payment and ensuring that employees perform exceptionally.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To elicit and motivate employees to perform better, there is a need to introduce other human resource management practices, including proper hiring criteria, employee training, job design, and team work (Ichniowski Shaw, 2003). References Ichniowski, C. Shaw, K. (2003). Beyond incentive pay: insiders’ estimates of the value of complementary human resource management practices. Journal of economic perspectives, 7 (1), 155-180. Kaplan, R.S. (2008). Conceptual foundations of the balanced scorecard, Handbooks of management accounting research, 3, 1253-1269. Vinogradov, D. Shadrina, E. (2013).Non-monetary incentives in online experiments  Economics Letters, 119(3), 306-310. This report on Recognizing employee contributions was written and submitted by user Emiliano Gould to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Honorary vs. Honourary

Honorary vs. Honourary Honorary vs. Honourary Honorary vs. Honourary By Maeve Maddox The post was intended to be a straightforward look at the fact that although American and British speakers differ as to the spelling of the nouns honor/honour, humor/humour, and glamor/glamour, they agree on the spelling of the adjectives honorary, humorous, and glamorous. I felt secure in declaring that the spellings honourary, humourous, and glamourous are wrong because the Oxford English Dictionaries site lists all three with their â€Å"commonly misspelled words.† When I looked the words up in the Oxford English Dictionary, I found that glamourous receives an â€Å"also spelled† notation, but that honorary and humorous are the only options. Another source, the WordWebOnline dictionary, flags glamourous as â€Å"nonstandard British usage.† When I went Web-diving for usage examples, I discovered that not all speakers of British English are on the same page as the Oxford dictionaries when it comes to spelling these adjectives: Wagamese receives honourary degree from Lakehead University –Wawatay News Online (Ontario) Ryan Giggs ‘tremendously proud’ to receive honourary degree WalesOnline Bruce Cockburn to receive LU honourary degree –Sudbury Northern Live.ca A humourous take on a serious issue –Deccan Herald (India) A humourous look at our Customer Service (Irish travel site) A humourous look at weekends at the cottage –muskokaregion.com (Ontario) I don’t want to spark an international incident, but because my principal authorities for British English usage are the OED and its offshoot the Oxford Dictionaries site, my advice to writers is that honourary, humourous, and glamourous are nonstandard spellings of honorary, humorous, and glamorous. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Whimsical Words45 Synonyms for â€Å"Old† and â€Å"Old-Fashioned†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Least,† â€Å"Less,† â€Å"More,† and â€Å"Most†

When To Make a Multiple Page Resume

When To Make a Multiple Page Resume We’ve all been told the cardinal rule of resume writing. Concision. Get as much information into as few words as possible, present everything cleanly and clearly and- no matter what- stuff it all into one easy-to-read page. That’s fantastic advice 99.9% of the time. For the most part, you don’t want to give too much away. Save some details for the interview, and make sure everything in the resume is screaming that you deserve one. You want to make sure you stand out from the crowd and make the cut.However, there are certain situations when a multiple page resume  might be called for. Here are some good general rules of thumb.One Page ResumeWhen you have fewer than 10 years in your field- whether you’re just starting out or are making a major career change and have yet to gather the requisite wealth of experience. Or if you’ve had multiple positions with the same company or employer.Two Page ResumeIf you’re pushing 10+ years experience in yo ur field, particularly in your particular sphere. Or if you are in a field requiring a good deal of technical, engineering, or other specific bits of knowledge and background qualifications which you need to list out in detail.Three Page ResumeIf you’re an academic or a scientist and you have numerous speaking engagements, publications, patents, professional service, courses, etc. to list. At this point, this is less a resume and more of a C.V. Also if you’re in a senior level or you’re an executive and you have a massive laundry list of leadership accolades to list.If you’re new to your field, or to the workforce in general, follow the well-established rules you’re told. But if you feel you’ve developed past the one-page point, try expanding your space and see how it pans out.

Stress and the Neuroendocrine Response Coursework

Stress and the Neuroendocrine Response - Coursework Example For instance, traumatic events that happened to a person such as family abuse, illness or a relationship breakup. Chronic stress leads to other body complications such as stomach ulcers or heart diseases. This type of stress is treated via cognitive behavioral therapy and through medication (Buckingham, Gillie, & Cowell, 1997). The hypothalamus in the brain is in responsible of the stress response. When a stress response is activated, this part sends signals to two other constituents namely the pituitary gland, and the adrenal medulla. This signal is in form of a hormone, the pituitary and adrenal glands that are both in the kidneys and the brain are responsible for receive the stress alert (Gunderson & Rahe, H. 1994). A hormone is a signaling molecule that is generated by the glands found in the multicellular organisms that are conveyed by the circulatory system to isolated organs with the aim of regulating the behavior and physiology of an individual. The hypothalamus stimulates hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline that assist a problem to deal with any pressure or threat that they are facing; this is referred to as fight response. Adrenaline hormone enable the heart rate to increase, the blood pressure also increase and thus provides the body with extra energy. The person is able to run away from the threat. These hormones also enable the suppressing of bodily roles such as digestion that are not needed. When the hormone level fails, the body is able to adjust itself and the blood pressure return to the average rate. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) is a compound set of undeviating influences and response interactions in the middle of three endocrine glands namely the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland and the adrenal glands. Hypothalamic Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) system is responsible for regulating short term stress in

Judaism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Judaism - Essay Example Although Jews resemble Christians in many ways, they are not confined to pray or worship in one area or room like the Christians. They believe that God dwells among people and not in a specific place. In addition to that, Jews are more independent and do not relate or reference with any other religion like the Christians relate to them. Although the Christians continuously reference to the Jews customs and traditions, Jews have remained independent do not borrow or copy practices from other religions (Valkenberg, 34). In conclusion, it is clear that Christianity and Judaism have a lot of similarities. However, there are also a lot of differences between the two uniquely similar religions. Judaism is both a â€Å"peoplehood† and a religion while Christianity is basically a religion. With this in mind, it is evident that though Christianity and Judaism have a lot of similarities, the differences that exist cannot be settled until the coming of Christ as stated in the Bible and Torah (Valkenberg,

Power Politics Essay Example for Free

Power Politics Essay â€Å"†¦what is happening to India today is not a problem†¦the issues †¦are not canses. They are huge political and social upheaval that are convulsing the nation. †   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Those are the exact words that Roy (24) had used to describe what is happening to the world that is beyond the realm of common human understanding: globalization led on and operated by â€Å"experts†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And just how will a common human understand when every time they try to, at the end of the day, they are relegated to being â€Å"just a citizen† who are, to experts, are â€Å"too emotional† and just lack the ability to eventually understand when explained to (if the experts even try to do the explaining part).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is the phenomenon characterized by experts who have acquired technical knowledge on certain matters take the matter into their own hands—not wanting to be questioned or contradicted and seemingly not encouraged to do their tasks with sympathy. They believe that they have all it takes to do it all, and be all, for all. The usual behavior of an arrogant little child who thinks he knows all he needs to know and thus scoffs at any questioning remarks on how he does his tasks, sneers at any suggestion or idea unlike his own, or flares up at any tap on his shoulder that gently reminds him that he is not of possession of every knowledge yet; a kind of behavior that is often times not tolerated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And that is what needed to be done. This arrogance should be broken down. And this could not be accomplished by mere taps on the shoulder anymore. A sterner reminder is needed; a reminder that even the too emotional and comprehension-challenged common citizen still has a say on how he lives his life—or at the very least, has the natural right to be made to understand.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Therefore, the author urges the humanity to speak, and speak loud, now or forever be made to hold their peace. Works Cited Roy, Arundhati. Power Politics (year of publication). 24-33.

Against Legalization Of Marijuana Essay -- marijuana should not be lega

There currently exists a great debate concerning Legalization of marijuana. Many people are against the idea, but there are a number of people who fight for the idea to legalize Marijuana. The people that try to Legalize Marijuana use two major arguments in their effort to have marijuana legalized. First, which is by far the biggest argument is that marijuana has a significant medical use. The second is that marijuana does not cause harm to those that smoke it. Both of these arguments can be easily discounted by the numerous studies that have been done on the effects of marijuana both medicinal and recreational. Many well-intentioned leaders and members of the public have been misled by the well financed and organized pro-drug legalization lobby into believing there is merit to their argument that smoking marijuana is a safe and effective medicine. A review of the scientific research, expert medical testimony, and government agency findings shows this to be erroneous. There is no ju stification for using marijuana as a medicine. The movement to legitimise smoking marijuana as a medicine is not encouraged by doctors and scientists. The studies cited by the marijuana advocates have been found to be unscientific, poorly researched, and involved pharmaceutical THC, not marijuana. An advocate that claimed he was an expert, was in fact a wellness counsellor at a health spa who admitted under oath to using every illegal mind-altering drug he ever studied. Another expert admitted h...

Interpersonal interactions in health and social care Essay

In health and social care we use many various methods of communication and interpersonal interaction to communicate effectively in various environments. These methods can be influenced by many factors which may interfere with how the information we have communicated is transmitted such as language needs, self-esteem, proximity and sensory impairment. In my essay I am going to explain how sensory impairment and language needs may influence effective communication and interpersonal interactions in health and social care environments. The term sensory impairment encompasses visual loss, which also includes blindness and partial sight, hearing loss and multi-sensory impairment (Shaw Trust, 2014). I will now explain how sensory impairment may influence the way we effectively communicate and interpersonally interact within health and social care using Argyle’s communication cycle. The communication cycle is arranged into 5 stages, Argyle(1972) believed that communicating interperson ally was a skill that could be developed, much similar to learning to drive. In the first stage of the communication cycle Argyle states that ideas occur. An example of this stage of the cycle would be a doctor recalling the information they wish to communicate to a patient who suffers from multi-sensory impairment with complete loss of hearing and sight. The Department of Health defines individuals suffering from multi-sensory impairment if their combined sight and hearing impairment cause difficulties with communication, access to information and mobility (Action on Hearing Loss, 2011). During the second stage of the cycle the message that is being communicated is coded, during this stage a doctor would decide how to communicate their message towards their patient. In order to communicate effectively the doctor must take into consideration which method of communication fits the patients needs such as British sign language, visual sign framing or tactile signing. In the third stage of the communication cycle the message is sent, during this stage the doctor has now communicated their message to the patient , however the doctor has communicated his message using British Sign Language instead of tactile signing. In the fourth stage of the cycle the message is received by the patient, during this stage the patient should have successfully received the information that the doctor has communicated to them however the patient has not received the message as she has lost a complete loss of sight and therefore cannot visually see the signs the doctor is signing. During the  fifth and final stage the message is decoded, Agyle theory suggests that during this stage the information has now been received and understood and the cycle will now repeat. This stage of the cycle is dependant on if the person delivering the message has used the correct and appropriate form of communication based on the individuals needs and the circumstances, however this is where the communication cycle has been unsuccessful due to the wrong choice of method of communication. Another common factor which may influence the way we effectively communicate and interact with people within health and social care is the language needs of the individuals. The language needs of an individual will be based upon many factors, a common language need may include an individual who speaks English as a 2nd language moving to the United Kingdom, the needs of the individual such as the use of an interpreter will depend on how fluent the individual is in speaking English. Using Tuckman ’s theory of group formation I will explain how language needs can affect the way we effectively communicate and interpersonally interact in health and social care environments. Tuckmans theory of group formation is arranged into 4 stages, these stages are known as forming, storming, norming and performing. During the forming stage, the group of people are just getting to know each other, for example in relation to health and social care, this would be the stage where a group of newly employed student nurses meet the team they will be working with. During the storming stage, Tuckman (1965) explains how the group of people are unclear about each-others roles within the group and the aims of working together, this is the stage where the newly formed group of student nurses would be trying to communicate verbally and non-verbally with each other in order to discover their roles, strengths and weaknesses within the group. During this stage, the group of individuals would be asking questions about each other and assessing their roles within the group. Thirdly is the norming stage, during this stage the group of people develop a shared understanding of what each-o thers roles are and share a common aim, during this stage one individual in the team approaches the others and tells them he is a foreign exchange student and has only been speaking English for the past 5 years, therefore he is still trying to understand the different dialects around him. The student nurses may begin to ask and discuss with the individual about the extent of his knowledge in speaking English. During this stage the  individuals will also understand and be able to identify areas of weakness in speaking English and be able to adapt their methods of communicating with the individual in order to meet these needs. Any specific language needs of an individual should be met immediately when communicating in order to progress through to the final stage of Tuckman’s theory, the performing stage. During this stage the group of individuals are now working together effectively as a team, for example during this stage the student nurses are now able to meet the language needs of the foreign exchange student and can continue to work as a progressive team.

Follow the Rabbit Proof Fence

‘This free-spirited girl knew that she and her sisters must escape from this place’. What characteristics did Molly display which enabled the sisters to escape and return to their families? Not only is this book about how three little aboriginal girls travelled across half of Australia but is also teaches us how the aboriginals were treated. Throughout Doris Pilkington’s and Nugi Garimara’s novel, the protagonist Molly, has a set of characteristics that help her and her two cousins escape from the re-education camp for half-casts, she is strong mentally when she was bullied, she is knowledgeable because she was able to cross half of Australia with no map or compass, and she is very loyal and emotionally attached to her land. When Molly was only about four years, she was constantly bullied because she was a half-cast, but besides these constant insults, she was strong and kept positive. Because she was neither a Mardu nor wudgebulla and was regarded as a mongrel dog and wasn’t liked by the aboriginal children so she threw â€Å"handfuls of sand or stones and threw them at her tormentors, and sometimes she chased them with a stick. † But as she got older she â€Å"became used to the insults, and although they still hurt, she didn’t show it. † This shows Molly’s mental strength against her bullies and tried to stay positive even though she â€Å"Wished that she didn’t have light skin so that she didn’t have to play by herself. She is also mentally strong because for three young girls to travel from Perth to Jigalong, she needs to be in the right mindset and be positive because she was determined to get back because she needed to see her family. Not many people could and would be able to do this but these girls especially Molly were brave and persistent and kept their head up. So it can be said that Molly is mentally st rong because she is able to beat her bullies and go back home to Jigalong. When Molly and her two cousins escape the camp, she is faced with an enormous walk without a compass or map, but Molly has grown up in this land and knows what to do and where to go. She â€Å"had no fear because the wilderness was her kin. † This means that the wilderness is her family which â€Å"always provided shelter, food and sustenance. † She also memorised which was they travelled so she knew to head north and to follow the rabbit-proof fence. With her developed bushcraft skills and survival techniques she was able to lead her two cousins through traitorous terrain and back home and also lead the tracker and constable Rigs to the wrong places. Therefore it can be said that throughout the novel, Molly uses her knowledge of the land to get back home safely with her cousins and remove their tracks. Throughout the novel, we see that Molly is very loyal and emotionally attached to her land. We see this when Molly and Gracie were walking through the country when they were almost home and they are pointing out special places to each other, for Molly it was a â€Å"Quick trip down memory’s landscape† which â€Å"A feeling of nostalgia brought tears to her eyes. † This shows how much she missed and appreciates the land she grew up in and shows us how loyal she is to it. It means so much to her and like in the movie ‘Kanyini’ without it she is nothing. So it can be said that Molly is loyal and emotionally attached to her land especially when it gets taken away from her. Throughout the novel written by Doris Pilkington and Nugi Garimara, Molly has a set of traits which help her and her cousins escape the re-education camp, travel a substantial distance and get back to Jigalong safely. It was her inner strength, her knowledge of her land and her emotional attachment to her land. We can also learn from this book that someone cannot take from others even if they think it is the right decision. Doris Pilkington and Nugi Garimara tell us just one of many stories that has happened to many of the stolen generation and it makes us think about it.

The Death of Anne Boleyn essays

The Death of Anne Boleyn essays Anne Boleyn's marriage to Henry VIII was an obvious failure. The only thing that satisfied him was the birth of a male heir. Despite her efforts, Anne Boleyn failed to bear a son, thus resulting in her tragic execution. The story of events leading up to the execution of Anne Boleyn shows the ignorance of the times and the cruel nature of Henry VIII. During Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon, it was well known that he had many mistresses. He had grown tired of the marriage that failed to produce a male heir, and he was looking for a way out. One of his mistresses was Anne Boleyn, a beautiful young woman that happened to be in Catherine Aragon's court. From 1527, Henry VIII wanted one thing above all else from the Popea release from the marriage which could no longer give him an heir and freedom to marry his last mistress' sister, the young Anne Boleyn (Bindoff 84). More important to the King was the fact that early in 1533 it was known that Anne was carrying his child. De lay could not be allowed. For the legitimacy of the hoped-for heir, it would not matter whether Henry and Anne had married before or after the conception of the child as long as their union had been regularized before the child was born. Therefore, events were hurried on (Woodward 11). On May 23, Archbishop Thomas Cranmer pronounced the marriage null from the beginning. Five days later its successor was declared lawful, and on June 1, 1533, Anne Boleyn was crowned Queen of England. After more than six years, during which he had thought of little else, Henry got his way (Bindoff 92). Once the two were married, Henry could think of nothing but the son that he had hoped for. On September 7, 1533, Anne gave birth to a girl. This was her first and greatest failure. No one could then foresee the triumphant reign of the future Queen Elizabeth. Anne was not immediately discarded, but Henry made little attempt to conceal his disappointment; relations between ...

Charles Manson and the Tate-LaBianca Murders

Charles Manson and the Tate-LaBianca Murders On the night of August 8, 1969, Charles Tex Watson, Susan Atkins, Patricia Krenwinkel, and Linda Kasabian were sent by Charlie to the old home of Terry Melcher at 10050 Cielo Drive. Their instructions were to kill everyone at the house and make it appear like Hinmans murder, with words and symbols written in blood on the walls. As Charlie Manson had said earlier in the day after choosing the group,  Now is the time for Helter Skelter. What the group did not know was that Terry Melcher was no longer residing in the home and that it was being rented by film director Roman Polanski and his wife, actress  Sharon Tate. Tate was two weeks away from giving birth and Polanski was delayed in London while working on his film, The Day of the Dolphin. Because Sharon was so close to giving birth, the couple arranged for friends to stay with her until Polanski could get home. After dining together at the El Coyote restaurant, Sharon Tate,   celebrity hairstylist Jay Sebring, Folger coffee heiress Abigail Folger and  her lover  Wojciech Frykowski, returned to the Polanskis home on Cleo Drive at around 10:30 p.m.  Wojciech fell asleep on the living room couch,  Abigail Folger went to her bedroom to read, and Sharon Tate and Sebring were in Sharons bedroom talking. Steve Parent Just after midnight, Watson, Atkins, Krenwinkel, and Kasabian arrived at the house. Watson climbed a telephone pole and cut the phone line going to the Polanskis house. Just as the group entered the estate grounds, they saw a car approaching. Inside the car was  18-year-old Steve Parent who had been  visiting the propertys caretaker, William Garreston. As Parent approached the driveways electronic gate, he rolled down the window to reach out and push the gates button, and Watson descended on him, yelling at him to halt. Seeing that Watson was armed with a revolver and knife, Parent began to plead for his life. Unfazed, Watson slashed at Parent, then shot him four times, killing him instantly. The Rampage Inside After murdering Parent, the group headed for the house. Watson told Kasabian to be on the lookout by the front gate.  The other three family members entered the Polanski home.  Charles Tex Watson went to the living room and confronted  Frykowski who was asleep. Not fully awake,  Frykowski asked what time it was and Watson kicked him in the head. When  Frykowski asked who he was, Watson answered,  Im the devil and Im here to do the devils business. Susan Atkins went to Sharon Tates bedroom with a buck knife and ordered Tate and Sebring to go into the living room. She then went and got Abigail Folger. The four victims were told to sit on the floor. Watson tied a rope around Sebrings neck, flung it over a ceiling beam, then tied the other side around Sharons neck. Watson then ordered them to lie on their stomachs. When Sebring voiced his concerns that Sharon was too pregnant to lay on her stomach, Watson shot him and then kicked him while he died. Knowing now that the intent of the intruders was murder, the three remaining victims began to struggle for survival.  Patricia Krenwinkel attacked Abigail Folger and after being stabbed multiple times, Folger broke free and attempted to run from the house.  Krenwinkel followed close behind and managed to tackle Folger out on the lawn and stabbed her repeatedly. Inside, Frykowski struggled with Susan Atkins when she attempted to tie his hands. Atkins stabbed him four times in the leg, then Watson came over and beat  Frykowski over the head with his revolver. Frykowski somehow managed to escape out onto the lawn and began screaming for help. While the microbe scene was going on inside the house, all Kasabian could hear was screaming. She ran to the house just as  Frykowski was escaping out the front door. According to Kasabian, she looked into the eyes of the mutilated man and horrified at what she saw, she told him that she was sorry. Minutes later,  Frykowski was dead on the front lawn.Watson shot him twice, then stabbed him to death. Seeing that Krenwinkel was struggling with Folger, Watson went over and the two continued to stab Abigail mercilessly. According to killers statements later given to the authorities,  Abigail begged them to stop stabbing her saying, I give up, youve got me, and Im already dead.   The final victim at 10050 Cielo Drive was Sharon Tate. Knowing that her friends were likely dead, Sharon begged for the life of her baby. Unmoved, Atkins held Sharon Tate down while Watson stabbed her multiple times, killing her. Atkins then used Sharons blood to write Pig on a wall. Atkins later said that Sharon Tate called out for her mother as she was being murdered and that she tasted her blood and found it warm and sticky. According to the autopsy reports, 102 stab wounds were found on the four victims. The Labianca Murders The next day Manson, Tex Watson, Susan Atkins, Patricia Krenwinkel, Steve Grogan, Leslie Van Houten, and Linda Kasabian went to the home of Leno and Rosemary Labianca. Manson and Watson tied up the couple and Manson left. He told Van Houten and Krenwinkel to go in and kill the LaBiancas. The three separated the couple and murdered them, then had dinner and a shower and hitchhiked back to Spahn Ranch. Manson, Atkins, Grogan, and Kasabian drove around looking for other people to kill but failed. Manson and The Family Arrested At Spahn Ranch rumors of the groups involvement began to circulate. So did the police helicopters above the ranch, but because of an  unrelated investigation. Parts of stolen cars were spotted in and around the ranch by police in the helicopters. On August 16, 1969, Manson and The Family were rounded up by police and taken in on suspicion of auto theft (not an unfamiliar charge for Manson). The search warrant ended up being invalid because of a date error and the group was released. Charlie blamed the arrests on Spahns ranch hand Donald Shorty Shea for snitching on the family. It was no secret that Shorty wanted the family off the ranch. Manson decided it was time for the family to move to Barker Ranch near Death Valley, but before leaving, Manson, Bruce Davis, Tex Watson and Steve Grogan killed Shorty and buried his body behind the ranch. The Barker Ranch Raid The Family moved onto the Barker Ranch and spent time turning stolen cars into dune buggies. On October 10, 1969, Barker Ranch was raided after investigators spotted stolen cars on the property and traced evidence of an arson back to Manson. Manson was not around during the first Family roundup, but returned on October 12 and was arrested with seven other family members. When police arrived Manson hid under a small bathroom cabinet but was quickly discovered. The Confession of Susan Atkins One of the biggest breaks in the case came when Susan Atkins boasted in detail about the murders to her prison cellmates. She gave specific details about Manson and the killings. She also told of other famous people the Family planned on killing. Her cellmate reported the information to the authorities and Atkins was offered a life sentence in return for her testimony. She refused the offer but repeated the prison cell story to the grand jury. Later Atkins recanted her grand jury testimony. The Grand Jury Indictment It took 20 minutes for the grand jury to hand down murder indictments on Manson, Watson, Krenwinkel, Atkins, Kasabian, and Van Houten. Watson was fighting extradition from Texas and Kasabian became the prosecutions main witness. Manson, Atkins, Krenwinkel and Van Houten were tried together. The chief prosecutor, Vincent Bugliosi, offered Kasabian prosecutorial immunity for her testimony. Kasabian agreed, giving Bugliosi the final piece of the puzzle needed to convict Manson and the others. The challenge for Bugliosi was to get the jury to find Manson as responsible for the murders as those who actually committed the murders. Mansons courtroom antics helped Bugliosi accomplish this task. On the first day of court, he showed up with a bloody swastika carved into his forehead. He tried to stare down Bugliosi and with a series of hand gestures had the three women disrupt the courtroom, all in hopes of a mistrial. It was Kasabians account of the murders and of the control that Manson had over the Family that nailed Bugliosis case. She told the jury that no family member ever wanted to tell Charlie Manson no. On January 25, 1971, the jury returned a guilty verdict for all defendants and on all counts of first-degree murder. Manson, like the other three defendants, was sentenced to death in the gas chamber. Manson shouted, You people have no authority over me, as he was led off in handcuffs. Mansons Prison Years Manson was originally sent to San Quentin State Prison, but was transferred to Vacaville then to Folsom and then back to San Quentin because of his constant conflicts with prison officials and other inmates. In 1989 he was sent to Californias Corcoran State Prison where he currently resides. Because of various infractions in prison, Manson has spent a considerable amount of time under disciplinary custody (or as prisoners call it, the hole), where he was kept in isolation for 23 hours a day and kept handcuffed when moving within the general prison areas. When not in the hole he, is kept in the prisons Protective Housing Unit (PHU) because of threats made on his life. Since his incarceration, he has been raped, set on fire, beaten several times and poisoned. While in PHU he is allowed to visit with other inmates, have books, art supplies, and other restricted privileges. Over the years he has been charged with various crimes including conspiracy to distribute narcotics, destruction of state property, and assault of a prison guard. He has been denied parole 10 times, the last time in 2001 when he refused to attend the hearing because he was forced to wear handcuffs. His next parole is 2007. He will be 73 years old. Source:Desert Shadows by Bob MurphyHelter Skelter by Vincent Bugliosi and Curt GentryThe Trial of Charles Manson by Bradley Steffens

Experiential Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Experiential Analysis - Assignment Example The organization, Med life, a small company in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia offers health care services to patients and other people who are in need of medical help. It is a health organization involved in taking care of sick patients brought into the medical center, ensuring that they receive the best care that can be accorded to them, and finally ensuring that the conditions in which they live in are conducive and clean. Med life has a manager whose role is to ensure that the operations of the medical center are very efficient with no problems. The manager is in direct communication with the secretary and the financial assistant. The secretary has the role of ensuring that all the data of all patients is properly documented and filed to avoid the loss of crucial data especially patient information. The financial assistant ensures that all financial records that relate to patient care are properly kept for easy retrieval and accountability. Moreover, he also looks into the profitabilit y of the organization in order to avoid bankruptcy. Analysis- Gender Gender can be described as being socially and psychologically constructed through the family, social as well as educational settings. The role of gender in workplace communication has been discussed a lot in the past and the studies show that men and women have very different ways of communicating. In the time that I spent at Med life I realized that the male colleagues tended to be very aggressive and always came across as commanding during communication. From research, I realized that communication that is evidenced by male colleagues in the workplace is much aggressiveness, the tendency to interrupt other people when they are talking, and the tendency to try to hide their emotions when communicating. The male gender is characterized with the attributes of strength, competitiveness, risk taking, and independence in all their communications (Barrett & Davidson, 2006). According to evolutionary psychology studies, men communicate aggressively, interrupt others during conversations, and try so much to hide their emotions. These three aspects are useful in mate selection and it is inevitable for men to avoid this subliminal desire even in a business meeting (Mian, 2013). In the organization, women colleagues were mainly emotional people and this is well exemplified by an incident that occurred once in the organization. A fellow female colleague was overwhelmed by her responsibilities in the company and at home. As expected she shared her feelings with a colleague and she explained that she might not keep up with the pressure. The manager who overheard this conversation assumed that the female worker was lazing around and should refrain from discussing personal issues during working hours. From research, women are characterized as very emotional and thus tend to engage in expressive talks and this involves the tendency to establish closeness and intimacy and build understanding as well as empath y through their communication. According to Babcock (2003), â€Å"Women often worry more than men about the impact their actions will have on their relationships. This can prompt them to change their behavior to protect personal connections, sometimes by asking for things indirectly, sometimes by asking for less than they really want, and sometimes trying to be more deserving of what

The Impact of Outdoor Air Pollution Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Impact of Outdoor Air Pollution - Assignment Example Chen and Goldberg conducted a study whose results reveal a 6% rise in non-accidental deaths for every 10 ÃŽ ¼g/m3 rise in fine particles, independent of gender, age, and geographic region. The results were derived from a linear exposure-response pattern whereby mortality rose exponentially with rising concentrations of fine particles. Air pollution, therefore, recognizes no national boundaries and may be transported over long distances. Even at current levels, air pollution is a threat to entire populations. It is an increasing global problem yet no serious efforts have been made towards addressing the issue. Evidence from present and past epidemiological studies strongly supports stringent standards against air pollution, especially from particles, in Canada and other countries. More than three million people die from outdoor air pollution across the world every year. An equal number of people also suffer from a wide range of heart diseases. Societies bear huge costs in terms of ill health and lives lost. Extensive new epidemiological evidence from the OECD estimations of the Value of Statistical Life and the 2010 Global Burden of Disease study inform this report as to the health impacts arising from air pollution and associated economic costs. This chapter explores certain policy implications of the costly burden of the health effects of outdoor air pollution. The argument in the chapter revolves around the need to establish and maintain strong regulatory regimes – particularly strict vehicle standards regimes – and the need to rethink the tax and regulatory settings for diesel vehicles. In addition, the chapter shows that the advantages of lowering the economic cost burden arising from air pollution could easily topple the monetary costs of investing in programs of mitigation and that it is crucial to rethink approaches to investment appraisals. The findings of the report

Quality of Service of Voice over Internet Protocol for Enterprise Use Essay

Quality of Service of Voice over Internet Protocol for Enterprise Use - Essay Example Unless quality of VoIP reaches quality level suitable as an enterprise product, the demand for VOIP will not be fully realized. Developments in VoIP have been able to establish not only as a communication option but as a valuable e-service as well. However, there remains to be key issues that are critical in its adoption into companies or as an enterprise. The main issue is regarding its cost and the quality of services (Biddlecombe, 2005). In 2004, the telecommunications industry saw the launch of mass-market VoIP services that followed the traditional interface models of Plain Old Telephone System (POTS) and by 2005, free services began their entry to the market (Dean, 2003). Among the first one to offer services for free ware Skype which remains to be a significant market leader today. Following the success of Skype other online services began to include VoIP as part of their interface and retooled products as seen in the launch of Microsoft's Window Messenger Live, Yahoo's Yahoo Messenger with Voice and Google's Google Talk among others. However, the greatest potential for VoIP use is in corporate applications. The main benefit is in the communication and networking capacity it can provide. The utilization of VoIP operations using it to traffic PSTN calls locally and internationally (Cave & Mason, 2001). IP Multimedia Subsystems (IMS's) have allowed the incorporation of internet technologies into current systems as well facilitated the actual interface of VoIP infrastructure with PSTN and mobile phones ("Voice over IP", 2006). However, most industry analysts believe that the major issue that companies consider in shifting an IP communications system is its ability to suit the operations and needs of the company (Dean, 2003). It is easy to understand this concern because VoIP adaptation costs a significant amount of capital and maintenance. The service desired is one that does not only exceed traditional PSTN communications but also one that is the most cost effective, easiest to maintain and upgrade. At the moment, there is no standard model for the evaluation of VoIP systems and since it is still being developed, standards of performance are also continually changing (Loyola et al, 2006). The US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has already set standards for security and communication standards of VoIP service but has yet to be able to cope up with more comprehensive service standards (Hickman, 1998). It is estimated that as the quality of VoIP services increase, the greater its potential to be the premiere communication revolution of the age. VoIP services is not seen just as a revolutionary means of communication but it is the most significant development in the convergence of modern communication technologies. Quality of Service: QoS VoIP quality and reliability has been progressed as networking hardware, software and the speed of internet connections. Paul Travis (2005) estimates that by 2010, VoIP will already adapted by the majority American households, institutions and business. Though the primary consideration according to most studies is the cost of VoIP, analysts believe

The Environmental Protection Agency

The Environmental Protection Agency The Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, was founded on the premise to protect human health and the environment in 1970 under the Nixon administration (U.S Environmental Protection Agency). Since then, the federal government agency has put legislation and programs into action concerning our environment and our nations health. With the constant change in climate, population, and issues, the EPA has had to adapt to a growing concern from the public. The EPAs mission has remained to promote a healthy and safe environment, and they have initiated several programs nationwide to provide consumers with energy conserving products to reduce waste and conserve resources in America. Although the EPAs intention has been centered on the well being of the country from the start, the agency has received opposing opinions and controversy. Discussed in this paper will be three critical issues the EPA regulates, three voluntary programs put into action by the EPA, and some major conflicts the agen cy has faced since its introduction. Before the creation of the EPA, the federal government had no regulating control over environmental pollutants. Concerns of pollution sparked national attention after the 1969 fire on the Cuyahoga River in Ohio. Time magazine described the Cuyahoga as the river that oozes rather than flows and in which a person does not drown but decays (Great Lakes). Sending concern throughout the country about toxic waste and pollution, the Cuyahoga River incident began a chain of legislation including the Clean Water Act, and later the founding of the federal Environmental Protection Agency and the smaller Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. The Clean Water Act became the primary federal law in the United States battle with water pollution (Clean Water Act). The Cuyahoga River incident and legislation that followed was only the beginning of the governments involvement and concern with the environment. Before 1969 was Rachel Carsons research of the dangers of pesticides to our environment which s he published in her book Silent Spring in 1962. The biologist warned against the effects of DDT, a synthetic pesticide. Carsons early introduction of the dangers of pollution didnt spark public interest until the later 1960s after the Cuyahoga River incident. The American public began to react to the issue of pollution on the earth and by 1970 more than 50% of Americans were rating pollution a top issue (Harmon 34). Legislation continued to be passed in the late 1960s, including the Air Quality Act of 1967 which provided federal guidelines for monitoring and guarding the quality of air we breathe, but no national standards were set (Harmon 34). The government began to take control. In 1969, under the Nixon administration, President Richard M. Nixon created the Environmental Quality Council; a panel that would address pollution concerns and advise him the necessary actions. This was another step forward for government control of environmental pollution. Shortly after, Nixon signed Co ngress National Environmental Policy Act, or NEPA. The act required planners of new construction to review and study the environmental impacts of their projects. This led to the installation of the Environmental Protection Agency, collaborating smaller government programs and bureaus with different environmental concerns. Under a single umbrella agency, the EPA could now tackle the nations environmental issues. Following the passage of NEPA, the United States experienced its first Earth Day on April 22, 1970. Millions of Americans participated in demonstrations across the country to draw attention to the environmental problems. Soon after, local and state organizations were created to find solutions to the growing issue. The federal government also got its big break for environmental control when Nixon proposed the Reorganization Plan No. 3 to combat the fact that our national government today is not structured to make a coordinated attack on the pollutants which debase the air we b reathe, the water we drink, and the land that grows our food (Reorganization Plan). The Plan organized various aspects of existing federal departments including the Department of the Interior and the Department of Health to create a collaborated federal effort to establish and enforce environmental protection standards, conduct environmental research, provide assistance to others combating environmental pollution, and assist the CEQ in developing and recommending to the President new policies for environmental protection (Lewis). The Environmental Protection Agency proved a great move in the direction toward environmental awareness and protection for years to come. When Nixon created the EPA, he appointed William D. Ruckelshaus as the first head of the agency in 1970. Since then, a total of 12 administrators have led the EPA; including the current administrator Lisa P. Jackson who took over in 2009. Jackson was nominated in 2008 by Barack Obama for her experience in the field. Prior to her role as administrator, Jackson worked 16 years for the EPA, Chief of Staff in New Jersey during John S. Corzines term, and also the Commissioner of New Jerseys Department of Environmental Protection (DEP). Jackson was appointed in January of 2009, where she promised as Administrator, I will ensure EPAs efforts to address the environmental crises of today are rooted in three fundamental values: science-based policies and programs, adherence to the rule of law, and overwhelming transparency. By keeping faith with these values and unleashing innovative, forward-thinking approaches we can further protect neighborhoods and communities throughout the country (Jack son). As Administrator, Jackson stated seven priorities after her first year; taking action on climate change, improving air quality, assuring safety of chemicals, cleaning up EPAs committees, protecting Americas waters, expanding the conversation on environmentalism and working for environmental justice and building strong state and tribal partnerships (Jackson). The major issues the EPA tackles include air pollution, climate change, environmental emergencies, green living, health and safety, land and clean up, pesticides chemicals and toxics, waste, and water pollution. The three discussed will be air pollution, water pollution, and hazardous waste and toxins. Air pollution was a growing concern before the creation of the EPA, but since then the agency has passed legislation and founded programs to control this growing threat. EPAs mission on air pollution is to protect and improve air quality in order to avoid or mitigate the consequences of air pollutions harmful effects (Learn the Issues: Air). Among the first legislation pushed by the EPA was The Clean Air Act. The Clean Air Act is the law that defines EPAs responsibilities for protecting and improving the nations air quality and the stratospheric ozone layer (Clean Air Act). Initially created in 1963, the act has experienced its changes in 1970 and 1990 with the change in climate. The Clean Air Act was a serious step in the right direction for government involvement with the environment. By addressing air pollution, the EPA could enact standards ensuring the issue was under control. The amended Clean Air Act in 1990 proposed solutions for addressing acid rain, ozone depletion, and tox ic air pollution. This included vehicle emissions in which the EPA had to set control standards for. The Clean Air Act also required the EPA to set National Ambient Air Quality Standards for six common air pollutants. The six include ground-level ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and lead. Of the six pollutants, particle pollution and ground-level ozone are the most widespread health threat according to the EPA (Six Common Air Pollutants). These severe pollutants are called criteria pollutants according to the because of their regulation of the human-health and/or environmentally based science-based guidelines for setting permissible levels (Six Common Air Pollutants). Another major issue addressed by the EPA is water pollution. The agency acknowledges water in coral reefs, drinking water, ground water, lakes, oceans and coastal estuaries, rivers and streams, storm water, wastewater, watersheds, and wetlands. Water is not only used for drinking, it also holds purpose for household needs, recreation, fishing, transportation and commerce. Like air pollution, water pollution was a concern long before the founding of the EPA. However, since its creation, the agency has supported legislation and created programs to keep our limited supply of water on earth clean. The EPAs mission for water pollution is [enforcing] federal clean water and safe drinking water laws, [providing] support for municipal wastewater treatment plants, and [taking] part in pollution prevention efforts aimed at protecting watersheds and sources of drinking water (Water Topics). The EPA issued substantial legislation with the passing of the Clean Water Act in 1970-80s, which include d the Federal Water Pollution Control Amendments of 1972, expanding on the Federal Water Pollution Control Amendments of 1948 and was further amended in the Clean Water Act of 1977 and the Water Quality Act of 1987. The Clean Water Act or CWA as it is referred was introduced around 1972 with the addition of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), which is still in existence today. The NPDES permitted a system for regulating point sources (EPA NPDES). These point sources included industrial facilities, municipal governments and other government facilities, and some agricultural facilities. By regulating the pollutants from these major sources and homes across the country, the EPA is able to significantly improve the quality of our nations water. Another important piece of legislation pushed by the EPA is the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) passed in 1974. With a number of threats to drinking water: improperly disposed of chemicals, animal wastes, pesticides, human wastes, wastes injected deep underground, and naturally-occurring substances it is no question this act is completely necessary in our country (Safe Drinking Water Act). Amendments were made to the original act including in 1986 and 1996 which required actions to protect drinking water and its sources: rivers, lakes, reservoirs, springs, and ground water wells (Safe Drinking Water Act). The SDWA affects every single public water system in the country and according to the EPA, there are more than 160,000 public water systems providing water to Americans every day. The EPA and its programs work every day to ensure the safety of our drinking water and the water that surrounds us for our health and well being. Another huge, and more recent, issue among the EPA is toxic and hazardous waste. As defined by the EPA, hazardous waste is a liquid, solid, contained gas, or sludge waste that contains properties that are dangerous or potentially harmful to human health or the environment (Wastes). Because of the introduction of chemicals and engineered unnatural substances and bi-products of industry, the EPA has had to address the growing issue. Major legislation passed concerning hazardous waste was in 1976 with the passage of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, commonly known as RCRA. RCRA was approved by Congress to to address the increasing problems the nation faced from our growing volume of municipal and industrial waste (History of RCRA). RCRA provided national standards for protecting human health and the environment from the potential hazards of waste disposal, conserving energy and natural resources, reducing the amount of waste generated, and ensuring that wastes are managed in a n environmentally-sound manner (History of RCRA). By creating these standards, the RCRA was able to manage Americas growing waste crisis. To promote this, the RCRA enacted three programs; a solid waste program, a hazardous waste program, and an underground storage tank (UST) program. The RCRA also banned all open dumping of waste and encouraged responsible acts such as source reduction and recycling. The RCRA deals with current and future facilities and has been amended in two occasions; the Federal Facility Compliance Act of 1992 which strengthened enforcement of RCRA at federal facilities, and the Land Disposal Program Flexibility Act of 1996 which provided regulatory flexibility for specific wastes (History of RCRA). The EPA continues to strive to protect and ensure the safety of American citizens and the environment. Over the years, the EPA has created numerous programs, each devoted specific tasks including conserving energy, water, and air quality. These programs address modern issues that have been created recently concerning over-usage and waste of natural materials and energy. Efficiency has become a hot topic as programs like Energy Star, Water Sense, and fuel efficient cars have hit the market. Energy Star, one of the most successful EPA programs, was created in 1992 as a voluntary labeling program designed to identify and promote energy-efficient products to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (History: Energy Star). At its introduction, Energy Star began by labeling computers and monitors. By 1995, however, Energy Star labels were displayed on office equipment and even domestic heating and cooling appliances. In 1996, Energy Star progressed and partnered with the U.S Department of Energy to fully expand its energy efficient label. Saving Americans $18 billion in 2010 alone, Energy Star has become an innovative ally in the energy efficiency market. From dishwashers to light bulbs, Energy Star has created convenient blue energy saving labels for the American consumer. Saving energy isnt the only reward to using Energy Star products. Consumers who choose Energy Star products receive tax deductions as well as long term savings. According to the EPA, to rate an Energy Star label t he appliances as well as computers, lighting and about 50 other products generally use 20 to 30 percent less energy than required by federal standards (Tugend). By supplying newer, more energy efficient products and appliances, old ones can also be traded out for recycling. By taking away old appliances, Energy Star creates a convenient way to become green in America. Not only are consumers awarded for purchasing Energy Stat labels, but small businesses have also been recognized for efficiency. Annually, the EPA awards small businesses across the country for their energy saving efforts. In 2010, nine businesses were honored the award including AutoFair Companies of Manchester, N.H. and Dagher Engineering of New York, N.Y. According to a statement by the EPA, through effective energy management practices and innovative efficiency solutions, all nine organizations demonstrate that no matter the size, it is possible to save money and use significantly less energy and to power the bui ldings where Americans work, play, and learn (Kika). Energy Star continues to be a huge factor in energy conservation in the U.S today. A second program initiated by the EPA is Water Sense. Like Energy Star, Water Sense is a voluntary rather than a regulatory program. A more recent addition to the U.S, Water Sense was introduced in the summer of 2006 to protect the future of the U.Ss water supply. By educating the public on how to efficiently use the limited water available, Water Sense has been successful in conserving resources, limiting consumption, and saving U.S consumers money. Water Sense products include efficient toilets, faucets, and showerheads. Products that bear the Water Sense label are 20 percent more water efficient than the other products in their category. Since its creation in 2006, Water Sense has reported the program has helped consumers save a cumulative 46 billion gallons of water and $343 million in water and sewer bills (Program Accomplishments). Water Sense strives to help not only the average American consumer, but also businesses and corporations across the country conserve water. Manufact urers of brands like recent additions KB Homes and Moen have contributed to the Water Sense movement by raising their standards and meeting the Water Sense conservation requirements. Another vital program initiated by the EPA concerns fuel economy. The EPA and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) require labels displaying fuel economy information on new cars and light-duty trucks (Fuel Economy). By providing easy to read labels, cars and trucks can be easily compared for maximum miles per gallon efficiency (MPG). The EPA and NHTSA work to update these labels to provide consumers with the simplest energy and environmental comparisons between all vehicles types including electric vehicles (EV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), and conventional gasoline/diesel vehicles (Fuel Economy). These labels contain new information such as ratings on fuel economy, greenhouse gas emissions, and other air pollutants, onto the label as required by the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 (Fuel Economy). By providing details like these, consumers can conveniently scan and compare fuel economy and energy use of new cars and trucks to mak e the most sensible and economical decision. All three programs; Energy Star, Water Sense, and efforts with fuel economy all prove a step in the right direction for energy conservation and preservation in the U.S. The EPAs initiative and constant work to create modern and convenient products for the U.S consumer promote a better tomorrow for the environment and the health of our nation. Although the EPA has contributed tremendously to the preservation of our nations climate and health, the agency has been confronted with controversy. One specific instance of this was after the September 11th attacks in Lower Manhattan in New York City. The true air quality and health risks following the attack were disputed among government officials. At the center of it all was EPA Administrator Christie Todd Whitman. In a news article reporting the controversy it was stated that In a Sept. 13, 2001, press release, the EPA said the air around the disaster site was relatively safe (Barrett). This struck controversy after a series of health issues including was called the Ground Zero illness flooded victims and officials involved in the 9/11 attacks. The EPA played a key role in the nations response to the terrorist attacks including monitoring of air, water and dust for potential environmental hazards, the vacuuming of debris and dust from streets and other outdoor spaces in Lower M anhattan, the manual disposal of hazardous waste from the WTC site, the creation of an online database to report monitoring results to the public and press, setting up wash stations and providing protective equipment for recovery workers, and the development of cleaning and testing programs for indoor residences in Lower Manhattan (EPA Response to September 11). Despite these efforts, the EPA was still struck with a series of questions and hearings from the government and public as to the true condition of the air quality that September day. Some five to seven years after even the EPA was continued to be questioned as to the condition and experience of their employees and scientists and the condition of their political leadership. In a 60 Minutes special, former EPA Administrator Christine Todd Whitman spoke and defended the EPA and criticized NYC authorities for not enforcing proper safety regulations for the workers. The Environmental Protection Agency has given new hope to the word environment in America. By promoting green living, sustainability, conservation, and preservation, the EPA has given Americans a chance to save the nation for future generations. Initiating programs such as Energy Star, Water Sense and efforts with fuel economy, the EPA has proven they are committed to promoting health and well being in America. Even with rapid chance among the U.S, the EPA has jumpstarted legislation to combat the waste and pollution in the country and on earth. Legislation including the Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act, and efforts to reduce hazardous waste has proven the EPAs success across the nation. Even met by controversy, the EPA has held a tight grip on regulation and conservation throughout the country, and will continue to hold on for future generations. Furthermore, the EPAs mission has been to protect. An agency dedicated to conservation and preservation has rooted itself in American societ y. Without the Environmental Protection Agency, not only would America have a bigger mess on their hands, but as our health would be at risk as a nation as well.

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Introduction The relationship among human personalities and social media addiction has both attract attention of not just psychologists but the public as well. Human personalities Social media can be use in both healthy and unhealthy ways depending on the individuals, whether are making use social media to its potential or abusing the right one have causing addiction towards social media making it having similar side effects as substance addiction. Aim of this literature review is to discuss human personalities with the Big Five Personalities Traits as the base of personalities towards the usage social media addiction would either be benefiting or marginalising each individual. Human personalities Studies of human personality has brought great influence and impact towards our society describing how we behave, perceive and state how each person is different from others. The Big Five Personalities Traits is describe as openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism known to be sufficient measure and the base of describing a person personality stated by many psychologists ( McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. C., Jr. 1987 ; Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. 1992) Social media addiction Social media is a massive technological publisher spreading news, discoveries and information through the internet, due to it allows people to connect not affected by time or distance, people can form relationship, business negotiating, political and especially for personal usage, making it to become extremely popular. Social media addiction known as one of the major problems that prevent people from face to face interaction while people are mainly focused on technology devices, is affecting not just youngsters but elders can be also ad... ...ng along with others which makes them unconcerned of others and less likely to extend themselves. Neuroticism Neuroticism is described as the tendency to experience unpleasant emotions easily such as anger, anxiety, depression, or vulnerability. Neuroticism also refers to the degree of emotional stability and impulse control and is sometimes referred to by its low pole, "emotional stability". ( Ehrenberg, Jukes, White, &Walsh , 2008) reported that people who is high in neuroticism had greater instant messaging use, because instant messaging provides additional time for individuals to contemplate their responses making neurotic people are more at ease comparing to face-to-face interaction. Individuals are low in neuroticism are less easily upset and are less emotionally reactive. They tend to be calm, emotionally stable, and free from persistent negative feelings

Conflict ‘Romeo and Juliet’ Essay

How important is the theme of conflict in the play Romeo and Juliet? Shakespeare’s play, Romeo and Juliet, is the most famous love story in English literature. However love isn’t the only theme that runs through the play. Shakespeare makes this typical love story more striking when he pits the romance in the context of family feuds, fights and deaths. The issue of conflict is as central to this play as the issues of love/honour/betrayal and death. It should come as no surprise that Shakespeare would include conflicts in this play as otherwise the play would simply be a dull statement on teenage love. Adding the conflicts highlights the tensions that the teenagers feel between their attachments to their own families and each other. Also, adding the conflict is important for dramatic effect. We see this clearly in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet but also see it in many modern forms of storytelling, such as film. The film ‘Slumdog Millionaire’ is another example of two star-crossed lovers struggling to be together against their family’s wishes. The conflict in the film is between brothers, but also with others outside the characters immediate families. The dramatic effect of the conflict has the audience on the edge of their seat, willing the pair to escape their terrible lives of abuse and live happily ever after. Slumdog is Romeo and Juliet for the 21st Century.As in Shakespeare’s play, in Slumdog the audience are told what will happen in the story by way of a prologue The prologue in Romeo and Juliet tells the audience the story and the ending (the two lovers will mend their family feuds by taking their own lives) â€Å"From forth the fatal loins of these two foes. A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life. .† The prologue is an unusual storytelling device as it reveals the end of the story at the beginning. But it also draws the audience is to know why the lovers take their own lives and the audience remains shocked by that event, despite being warned about it. In Bas Learhmann’s film the audience is surprised when Juliet wakes from her sleep to find Romeo lying dead next to her. Her reaction of killing herself is a shocking ending to the film (play) despite the audience knowing what is coming. In Shakespeare’s prologue the  Chorus describes two noble households in the city of Verona. The houses hold an â€Å"ancient grudge† against each other that remains a source of violent and bloody conflict. The audience are told that the families live in â€Å"Fair Verona† and who the main characters in the play are. So within a few minutes of the play commencing the audience (reader) is primed with enough information to generate an interest to read on. The first scene comes immediately after the prologue and Shakespeare commences the scene with two Capulet servants (Sampson and Gregory) who talk about the conflict between the two family’s. It is interesting that even though they are servants (â€Å"Slaves†) they say that the family’s feud is their feud: The quarrel is between our masters and us their men It is important to remember that the play is written at a time when servants were obliged to honour their masters, and that included laying down their life for their ‘betters’. The tone of the conversation between the two servants replicates the conflict that we hear about in the prologue. Shakespeare has established a thread for the reader to follow here. The violence of the conflict is clear when the two servants talk of what they will do to the Montague women once they defeat the Montague men. Brutalising the women of a defeated enemy is something that has happened throughout history. True; and therefore women, being the weaker vessels, are ever thrust to the wall: therefore I will push Montague’s men from the wall, and thrust his maids to the wall The public brawl started by Tybalt is joined by members of both families, including the Montague and Capulet ‘fathers’. Seeing old enemy (Montague) Capulet says to his wife: My sword, I say! Old Montague is come, And flourishes his blade in spite of me. The street fighting and hatred between the Capulets and Montagues is only one form of conflict in Shakespeare’s play. Shakespeare’s writing about conflict extends to Juliet’s family too. In Act 3 Scene 5 Juliet is told  by her mother that she will marry. Juliet’s unhappiness at this arranged marriage (she is told to report to the church on Thursday) leads to a conflict with her father who calls her a ‘young baggage and disobedient wench’. The family conflict repeats one faced by some young women whose husbands are chosen for them. This cultural obligation is also made clear by Juliet’s mother when she says to Juliet that by the age of 14 (Juliet’s age at the time of the play) she was already pregnant with Juliet. The tradition of marrying girls off young, and to wealthy older men, has largely been overcome in some communities, however, in others it still creates tension. Sometimes with tragic outcomes. The theme of conflict is important in this play because it reflects the type of social conditions that existed at the time that Shakespeare wrote his play. It is interesting that although our social conditions have changed, the underlying themes and circumstances here could apply to our society today. Young, violent, men fighting over territory/honour and (like Tybalt) being killed in the crossfire. Shakespeare’s decision to talk about the unfairness of Juliet’s father’s insistence that she marry, may be a brave attempt to raise the issue of forced marriage. But, alternatively, it could also be seen as a source of gaiety and merriment for the Shakespearean audience. Despite some really difficult language, Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is a play that transcends time in terms of its underlying themes. This makes the play as relevant now as it was when it was first played.

Coca-Cola vs Pepsi

Coca Cola and Pepsi are the two most popular and widely recognized beverage brands in the United States. Pepsi and Coca Cola contrast each other on their taste, its associated colors and themes, and ingredients. Coca-Cola and Pepsi differentiate in more ways than one. Coca-Cola has more of a coke flavor taste. It is fizzier than that of Pepsi. It is smoother going down, and after about six hours it changes flavor and becomes more watery and bitter. When you drink it doesn’t feel as hard on your teeth as Pepsi.Pepsi on the other hand has a sweeter taste than that of Coca Cola due to the addition of artificial sweeteners and leaves a mild chemical taste after you drink it. When drinking Pepsi compared to Coca Cola, Pepsi tends to have a more â€Å"fruity† taste to it. Additionally when drinking Pepsi the bubbles maintain all the way down your throat. If left sitting out for six hours Pepsi becomes stronger in flavor. By way of color, Coca-Cola is red, a warmer color and P epsi is blue, a cooler color. The color trademarks indicate the particular culture about the product.Coca-Cola openly uses themes involving family, love, Christmas, and hospitality because they suggest warmness. As a matter of fact, it has found its way through holidays particularly valentine’s days, national and patriotic holidays and sports. Even white bears were used to advertise the product! This is the usual theme commonly used for Coca-Cola. For Pepsi, since it started later than the Coca-Cola, they had to think of a better way to distinguish itself from then popular brand, and the best choice was blue.As a result, from starting out with the opposite color, they had to continue with everything else about Coca-Cola. Blue became the basic theme of Pepsi. Unlike Coca-Cola, everything in the Pepsi website indicated the cooler color. On the Pepsi website they claim that everything is blue and new! The modern trend has been what Pepsi uses to target teenagers. Coca-Cola and P epsi have a lot of the same ingredients. Although Coca-Cola claims they do not have sugars in their soda so the sugar must come from the other ingredients.Coca-Cola contains carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup, caramel color, Phosphoric Acid, Caffeine, and Natural Flavoring. Pepsi contains carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup, caramel color, phosphoric acid, caffeine, citrus acid, sugar and natural flavoring. The difference in ingredients of Coca-Cola and Pepsi is the amount of sugar, citrus acid, and amount of caffeine. In conclusion to the taste of the two sodas, their colors, themes, and ingredients Coca-Cola and Pepsi are comparable in many other ways than that mentioned!